DC and AC circuit laws, mesh/nodal analysis, network theorems, transient and steady-state analysis.
Diodes, BJT/FET amplifiers, frequency response, feedback amplifiers, operational amplifiers, oscillators.
Boolean algebra, logic minimization, counters, registers, 8085/8086 microprocessors, interrupts, interfacing.
C programming, arrays, functions, pointers, structures, file handling, basic algorithmic logic.
Bridge measurements, transducers, error analysis, transfer functions, stability (Routh-Hurwitz, Nyquist, Bode).
Transformers (single and 3-phase), DC generators and motors, induction motors, synchronous machines.
Continuous and discrete-time signals, Fourier series, Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform.
Analog modulation (AM, FM, PM), digital modulation (ASK, FSK, PSK, QAM), transmission lines, antennas.
Generation, transmission and distribution, load flow, fault analysis, power system protection, switchgear.
Project estimation, CPM/PERT, procurement rules of Nepal, contract management, NEC Act and engineering ethics.